site boundaries
annihilation
“Annihilation of space by time”
-Karl Marx
NYC area map
A parking garage
white room
LGA Expressway Visual runway 31
FAA and ICAO specifications
Comparative basic airfield requirements for ICAO Code F and Code E airplanes and a comparison between FAA and ICAO specifications.
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Visual flight rules
Visual flight rules (VFR) are a set of regulations which allow a pilot to operate an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going. Specifically, the weather must be better than basic VFR weather minimums, as specified in the rules of the relevant aviation authority. If the weather is worse than VFR minimums, pilots are required to use instrument flight rules.
207 . PARALLEL RUNWAY SEPARATION
207 . PARALLEL RUNWAY SEPARATION – SIMULTANEOUS VFR OPERATIONS.
a. Standard. For simultaneous landings and takeoffs using visual flight rules (VFR), the minimum separation between centerlines of parallel runways is 700 feet (214m).
b. Recommendations. The minimum runway centerline separation distance recommended for Airplane Design Group V and VI runways is 1,200 feet (366 m). Air traffic control practices, such as holding airplanes between the runways, frequently justify greater separation distances. Runways with centerline spacings under 2,500 feet (762 m) are treated as a single runway by ATC when wake turbulence is a factor.
208. PARALLEL RUNWAY SEPARATION – SIMULTANEOUS IFR OPERATIONS
(1) Dual simultaneous precision insrument approaches are normally approved on parallel runway centerline separation of 4,300 feet (1 310m). Further on a case by case basis, the FAA will consider proposals utilizing separations down to a minimum of 3,000 feet (915m) where a 4,3000 foot (1 310m) separation is impractical. This reduction of separation requires special high update radar, monitoring equipment, etc..
201. PRINCIPLES OF APPLICATION
201. PRINCIPLES OF APPLICATION
a. Need to Plan. The significance of the interrelatinoship of the various airport features cannot be overemphasized. It is important that airport owners look to both the present and potential functions of the airport.